The Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré Province mainly ministers to the French-speaking population of Canada.

The ministry to the French-speaking people of Canada started in 1877 when Cardinal Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau of Quebec asked the Redemptorists of Baltimore (who were then already ministering at the English-speaking St Patrick's Parish in Quebec City) to take charge of the Shrine of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, located northeast of Quebec City, which was becoming a popular place of devotion and pilgrimage for Canadians. The Redemptorist General government in Rome approved the bishop's request much to his delight on November 28, 1878 and on December 1, 1878, four German priests from the Baltimore Province arrived in Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré to take charge of the site. Shortly after, the bishop of Rimouski, Jean-Pierre-François-Laforce Langevin, also invited the Redemptorists to take charge of a small shrine in Rimouski dedicated to Sainte-Anne, and a number of parishes in the Rive Sud (South Shore).

The first Redemptorists in Sainte-Anne worked devotedly beyond their strength but soon found out that they were linguistically challenged since most of the people coming there spoke French. They continued to work in Sainte-Anne until they were replaced by seven Redemptorists from the Province of Belgium who arrived in Canada on August 21, 1879 to replace the Baltimore Redemptorists.

In the following years, the Belgian Redemptorists proceeded to establish houses of formation and monasteries across Quebec. They exercised their ministry in Rimouski, in Matapédia, and in Baie des Chaleurs, just to name a few. They also preached in Montreal, the Beauce region, in Gaspe, Prince Edward Island, and Sherbrooke.

The work of the Belgian Redemptorists did not go unnoticed. Their presence and work attracted many to enter the Congregation, resulting to a rise in Canadian-born vocations. There were even times when the Belgians would find themselves among a large number of Canadian Redemptorists, who later on, they deemed capable of taking over and living autonomously as their own province distinct from their mother province of Belgium.

The increase in Canadian vocations and personnel was also enough reason for the Superior General of the Congregation to sign the canonical erection of what would become the Province of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré on July 26, 1911. He decreed that the province would be headquartered at the Sanctuaire Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré. At the time it was founded, the French province of Sainte-Anne had 116 members : 31 Canadian-French priests, 7 Irish, 2 Belgians, 14 Canadian-French professed students, 2 Irish professed students, 1 Polish professed student, 6 French-Canadian novices choristes, 1 Irish novice choriste, 22 French-Canadian professed brothers, 2 Irish professed brothers, 5 Belgian professed brothers, 21 French-Canadian novice brothers, 1 Irish novice brother, and 1 Polish novice brother.

The provincial administration was charged with the work of inspiring the members of the province to live an authentic religious life, infusing them with the spirit of Saint Alphonsus according to his life and works, adapting this spirit to the signs of the times, and promoting a holy zeal for their community works.

The members of the province that served as Superior Provincials of the province include (not a complete list) Fr. Alphonse Lemieux, C.Ss.R., Fr. Tomas Pintal, C.Ss.R., Fr. Louis-Philippe Lévesque, C.Ss.R., Fr. Léon Laplante, C.Ss.R., Fr. Joseph-Gilbert Morin, C.Ss.R., Fr. Georges Berubé, C.Ss.R., Fr. Roch Andard, C.Ss.R., Fr. Lucien Gagné, C.Ss.R., Fr. Roch Achard, C.Ss.R., Fr. Marc-Andre Boutin, C.Ss.R., Fr. Mario Boies, C.Ss.R., and Fr. Charles Duval, C.Ss.R.

As the years went by, the Redemptorists of the Province of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré also started expanding outside Quebec and ministered to the French-speaking population in the provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Alberta, where they established houses, communities, and ran churches in cooperation with the local Archdioceses/Dioceses.

They also opened missions outside Canada, such as in Vietnam (the Redemptorist Vice-Province of Hue, 1925-1964) where they had 8 houses. From 1925 to 1975, 66 Canadian confreres came to Vietnam to preach the Good News to the poor and most abandoned. Some of the work they did in Vietnam include the propagation of the devotion to Our Mother of Perpetual Help in Hue, in Thai-Ha-Ap, and in Saigon, the propagation of the Legion of Mary, and assistance and support to those suffering from the Vietnam War. The French-Canadian Redemptorists (57 fathers and 7 brothers in 1964) left Vietnam in 1964 after the vice-province was erected as an autonomous province with 215 professed fathers and brothers and 300 students.

The French-Canadian Redemptorists also opened new missions in Japan on May 8, 1948. Despite being a smaller mission than Vietnam with 20 priests and 6 brothers when it was founded, the Redemptorists here undertook major responsibilities including the laborious work of evangelizing the non-baptized, assisting in Christian training and catechesis for neophytes, giving group retreats, and producing marriage preparation, bible and catechism resources. The French-Canadian Redemptorists later on established the Vice-Province of Tokyo on November 28, 1955, but it was not the only Redemptorist presence in Japan as the English Canadian province and the Province of München also had missions there. The English-Canadian mission became the Vice-Province of Maizuru on January 4, 1966, while the German mission became the Vice-Province of Kagoshima on October 24, 1966. In April 1974, the Vice-Province of Kagoshima took over the house and parish of Nagasaki that had originally been opened by the Vice-Province of Tokyo. When the Vice-Province of Maizuru was closed on October 21, 1981, its territory was incorporated into the Vice-Province of Tokyo. The Vice-Province of Tokyo and the Vice-Province of Kagoshima formed a new unit called the Vice-Province of Japan under the General Government in Rome on January 5, 2015.

On January 7, 1966, the Province also launched a mission in Uruguay. The mission received blessing from Rome on November 4, 1968. The French-Canadian Redemptorists helped in the administration of at least 4 parishes here - Tapes, Nueva Helvecia, Salinas, and Barros Blancos. The French-Canadian Redemptorists ended their mission here in 1993.

Finally in 1980, the French-Canadian Redemptorists were also charged by the Central Government in Rome to look after the Redemptorist missions in Haiti which were founded by the Belgian Redemptorists. The missions here were organised and established as the Redemptorist Region of Port-au-Prince on September 11, 1984. The French-Canadian Redemptorists transferred the administration of this region to the Province of San Juan (Provincia de America Central y el Caribe) on June 27, 2018.

The French-Canadian Redemptorists celebrated the 100th anniversary of the founding of their province at the Sanctuaire Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré on September 28, 2011. Under the theme « Sur les pas du Rédempteur » (“In the footsteps of the Redeemer”), the festivities highlighted the hundred-year history of the Redemptorists' mission, particularly in Quebec and Canada.

Over the past few years, due to an ageing number of personnel and financial challenges, the French-Canadian Redemptorists made the decision to leave, close or transfer most of the houses and churches they founded in Canada to the local Archdioceses/Dioceses. Some of the houses and churches were also sold off to private companies.

In 2019, the Province of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré merged with the other two Redemptorist provinces located in Canada - the Edmonton-Toronto Province and the Yorkton Province, to become the Redemptorist Province of Canada.